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Urinary Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infections in any part of the urinary system, which include the bladder (cystitis), urethra (urethritis), and kidneys (kidney infection). Antibiotics can be used to treat UTIs; however, they are not always required. 

Most infections affect the lower urinary system, specifically the bladder and urethra. 

Women are more likely than males to suffer from a UTI. When an infection is restricted to the bladder, it can be uncomfortable, painful and irritating. But, if a UTI spreads to the kidneys, it can cause serious health problems.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infections in any part of the urinary system, which include the bladder (cystitis), urethra (urethritis), and kidneys (kidney infection). Antibiotics can be used to treat UTIs; however, they are not always required.

Most infections affect the lower urinary system, specifically the bladder and urethra. 

Women are more likely than males to suffer from a UTI. When an infection is restricted to the bladder, it can be uncomfortable, painful and irritating. But, if a UTI spreads to the kidneys, it can cause serious health problems.

Causes

SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)
Microorganisms, mainly bacteria, enter the urethra and bladder and cause irritation and infection. Although a UTI usually occurs in the urethra and bladder, germs can also migrate up the ureters and infect your kidneys.

E.coli, a bacteria ordinarily found in the intestines, is responsible for more than 90% of bladder infections (cystitis). 

Treatment 

Antibiotics are medications that are used to destroy bacteria and fight infections. Urinary tract infections are commonly treated with antibiotics. Your doctor will prescribe a medication that tackles the specific bacteria causing your infection. 

Some commonly used antibiotics can include:
• Nitrofurantoin.
• Sulfonamides (sulfa drugs).
• Amoxicillin.
• Cephalosporins.

Prevention 

Some preventive methods to follow to avoid getting Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are: 

  • Consume plenty of liquids, especially water.
  • Wipe from front to back. Perform this following a bowel movement and urination. It helps to keep bacteria from spreading from the anus to the vagina and urethra.
  • Maintain the genital region clean and dry.
  • After intercourse, empty your bladder as quickly as possible. Drink a full glass of water to help eliminate germs.
  • Avoid irritating feminine items such as deodorant sprays, douches, and powders.
  • Use non-spermicidal lube or alternative contraception instead of condoms, a diaphragm, or a cap with spermicidal lube on it. 

If you have a fever, vomiting, and back pain in addition to urinary infections, or if you’ve been diagnosed with a UTI and your symptoms are worsening, contact your doctor. You may need an alternative treatment.

Reviewed by – Dr. Priyanka, MBBS MD
Page last reviewed: 03 February 2023